First a Short Historic Introduction to Babesia – a Large Group of Ring Formed Malaria-like Parasites Infecting RBCs

• 1893 Babesia was the first infection ever proven to be transmitted by TICKs (Smith & Kilbourne, USA)

• 1957 Skrabalo & Deanovic first published case description of human (bovine?) Babesiosis in a splenectomized farmer, fatal infection !

• 1970’ies Babesia was noticed as an into Denmark imported dog infection (Willeberg et al. 1973). Used Koch’s postulate to prove the infection. These Vets mention that “haemoglobinuria enzootica” [Babesia bovis infection?] was already - i.e. 30 years ago - endemic in wild and domestic animals (cattle) in Denmark ! They also mention the risk of importing new vectors, as well as the pathogens they may carry from endemic areas of the World, when there is a suitable environment, lack of knowledge and awareness, lack of information about preventive measures, when borders are open without control and people and their domestic animals are travelling fast, going hiking / camping abroad => Increased risk in now MUCH BIGGER EU !?

• 1996 Lebech et al. Conf. Abstract: WA1 SEROPOSITIVE found in Danish Borreliosis patients and in 2 healthy donors – work not published, why not !?

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